Germany’s labour market is at a critical juncture, requiring nearly 288,000 immigrants annually until 2040 to offset the challenges of an ageing population, according to a recent study by Bertelsmann Stiftung. Even with increased workforce participation among women and older workers, immigration remains essential. Without these measures, the report suggests the demand could rise to 368,000 migrants per year to prevent a sharp decline in the labour force.
This presents a significant opportunity for skilled Indian workers, already the second-largest South Asian community in Germany after Afghans. With 273,000 individuals of Indian origin residing in the country, including expatriates and German citizens, Indian professionals are well-positioned to contribute to Germany’s economic needs.
Germany Expands Visa Opportunities for Indian Workers
Earlier this month, Germany announced plans to issue 10% more professional visas in 2024, aiming to address labour shortages. Of the 200,000 professional visas planned, 90,000 will be allocated to Indian skilled workers, a dramatic increase from the current cap of 20,000.
During a visit to India, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz reiterated his country’s openness to skilled workers from India. “The message is that Germany is open for skilled workers,” Scholz said. Official figures underscore this trend, with 137,000 Indians holding skilled positions in Germany as of February 2024—a significant rise from just 23,000 in 2015. Many Indians are already contributing in critical sectors such as IT, healthcare, and nursing.
The Cost of Living in Germany
For Indians considering a move, understanding the cost of living in Germany is crucial. A report by University Living, titled European Student Landscape 2024: Beyond Beds and Benches, breaks down average monthly expenses:
- Accommodation: €600 (48.6%)
- Utilities: €475 (38.5%)
- Transportation: €85 (6.9%)
- Miscellaneous costs: €75 (6.1%)
Overall, monthly expenses in German cities range from €920 to €1,550, equivalent to approximately ₹82,000 to ₹1.3 lakh, depending on lifestyle and location.
Why Immigration is Key to Germany’s Labour Market
Germany’s ageing population is at the heart of its immigration needs. By 2040, the share of Germans aged 65 or older will rise from 22% in 2020 to nearly 28%, according to the Bertelsmann Stiftung report. This demographic shift will lead to a significant reduction in the workforce, creating an urgent demand for skilled immigrants.
Susanne Schultz, a migration expert at Bertelsmann Stiftung, said:
“Boosting labour participation among locals and current immigrants is important, but it will not suffice to meet the projected demand. Immigration remains critical.”
Regional Variations in Workforce Demand
The demand for immigrants varies across Germany’s federal states. Eastern states like Thuringia, Saxony-Anhalt, and Saarland face the sharpest workforce declines, with projections of a 10% or greater reduction by 2040. In contrast, states such as Hamburg, Berlin, and Brandenburg are expected to see milder declines, below 10%.
Regions with growing economic activity, like Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, and Hesse, will require higher immigration to meet labour demands. Structural changes in these areas are expected to outpace demographic workforce reductions, driving further demand for international workers.
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The Growing Impact of Retirement
Germany’s ageing population poses further challenges. By 2035, the number of people aged 65 to 79 will increase from 12.3 million in 2020 to 16.2 million, while the population over 80 will rise from 5.8 million in 2027 to 7.7 million in 2040, accounting for 9.2% of the population.
Ralph Heck, Chairman of the Bertelsmann Stiftung Executive Board, emphasised the need for targeted strategies:
“Despite regional differences, the ageing of German society will be evident nationwide. Infrastructure must adapt to meet the needs of older generations, and immigration will play a crucial role in mitigating economic challenges.”
Opportunities for Indian Workers
Indian professionals, particularly in technology, healthcare, and engineering, are well-suited to address Germany’s labour needs. The country’s streamlined visa policies and significant increase in professional visa allocations for Indians reflect a mutual recognition of this potential.
Germany’s need for skilled immigrants is an opportunity for Indian workers to enhance their careers in one of Europe’s strongest economies. With increasing visa allocations, supportive policies, and a demand-driven labour market, Germany offers a promising pathway for Indians seeking global opportunities.
The collaboration between Germany and India not only addresses critical workforce challenges but also strengthens bilateral ties, laying the foundation for a more inclusive and prosperous future.
